Mahesh Chandra Barua, son of Gour Kishore, born in 1908, was inhabitant of village Satbaria under Police Station Patia in the district Chittagong of undivided Bengal (now in Bangladesh). He was an active participant in the freedom struggle of India. He joined the Non-Co-operation movement in 1921 and the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was also a member of a secret revolutionary group. He was actively involved in the Bathua Political Dacoity Case of 1934.
In the district of Chittagong and within the jurisdiction of Hathazari Police Station, there is a small village called Bathua. On 24 February 1934, in the village Bathua, in the house of Prasanna Kumar Malakar and Tipurrah Malakar, who were very rich persons and favourite to the British, a dacoity was committed by Mahesh Chandra Barua and his group members in order to collect fund for revolutionary activities against the British. In this case Nagendra Nath Dey was accompanied by 1) Mokshada Ranjan Chakraborty alias Sibu alias Mokshada and 2) his brother Priyada Ranjan Chakraborty alias Priyada Nandan Chakraborty, 3) Mon Mohan Saha, 4) Nagendra Nath Dey, 5) Harihar Dutta, 6) Nirendra Lal Barua, 7) Saradindra Bhattacharjya alias Saradindu Bhattacharjya, 8) Jibendra Kumar Das (alias De), 9) Manoranjan Choudhury and 10) Kiriti Mazumdar, 11) Gagan Chandra De, 12) Arabinda De and 13) Manindra Chandra De. After their arrest, a test identification parade was held in the jail at Chittagong in which all the accused persons other than Kiriti Mazumdar (injured) had to take part.
At the time of his arrest his age was 30 years of age. He was sentenced by the Special Tribunal at Chittagong on 27 August 1934 to 10 Years imprisonment from the Court of Special Tribunal, Chittagong, under section 395 of Indian Penal Code.
Mahesh Chandra Barua, Nagendra Nath Dey, Narendra Lall Barua, Saradindra Bhattacharjee, Priyada Ranjan Chakraborty alias Priyada Nandan Chakraborty, Manoranjan Chaudhury, Jibendra Kumar Das (alias De), Arvind Dey, Harihar Dutta, Mon Mohan Saha, and few other revolutionaries of the case were deported to Cellular Jail in Andaman Islands. Mahesh Chandra Barua was given Permanent Incarceration No. 285. He was repatriated in 1937. Later, he was transferred to Rajshahi Jail in 1936 where he died in January 1938.