Surain Singh was born in the Amritsar district of Gillwali in the house of Bur Singh. Surain Singh, a peasant activist, was drawn to the Ghadar Party's ambitious plan to overthrow British rule and became one of its most active members.
In 1913, the Ghadar Party was founded in Oregon. Sohan Singh Bhakna, Pt. Kanshi Ram, Harnam Singh Tundilat, Lala Har Dayal and others founded this revolutionary party. The Ghadar Party attempted to overthrow British rule in India through an armed uprising. The headquarters of the organization were in San Francisco. Surain Singh attended several ghadarite gatherings. He also contacted troops in Ferozepur, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and other cantonments on behalf of the party. The Ghadar Party set the date for the uprising as 21 February 1915, but it was later pushed back to 19 February. Kirpal Singh, a British returnee, was working as a police spy, and thus the entire plot was revealed to British authorities. Before the Ghadarites could stage an uprising and the British arrested Ghadar activists. Surain Singh was arrested as well and taken to the Lahore Central Jail, where they were charged in the First Lahore Conspiracy Case. Under the Defence of India Act 1914, the trial began on April 26, 1915, and the verdict was delivered on September 13, 1915. He was charged under IPC ( Indian penal code) sections 121, 121A, and 396. Surain Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and five other ghadarites were executed on November 16, 1915, in the Lahore Central Jail.