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Born in Nihalpur village in Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement, in 1921. She was the first woman Satyagrahi to court arrest in Nagpur and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the British rule in 1923 and 1942.

Chauhan authored a number of popular works in Hindi poetry. Her most famous composition is Jhansi Ki Rani, an emotionally charged poem describing the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai. The poem is one of the most recited and sung poems in Hindi literature. An emotionally charged description of the life of the queen of Jhansi (British India) and her participation in the 1857 revolution, it is often taught in schools in India.

As a renowned literary figure, her writings contained a strong nationalist undertone as a reflection of the times she lived in. On August 6, 1976, India Posts released a postage stamp to commemorate her.